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<p>Does anyone know how to create an animated gif using c#?
Ideally I would have some control over the color reduction used.</p>

<p>Is using imagemagick (as an external started process) the best choice?</p>
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        asked <span title="2009-07-28 19:42:36Z" class="relativetime">Jul 28 '09 at 19:42</span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">imagemagick still seems to have the best options (dithering, color reduction, etc). The suggested lib and other creation method are of quite poor quality</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<span class="comment-user">The dude</span>
                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2009-07-29 17:30:54Z, License: CC BY-SA 2.5" class="relativetime-clean">Jul 29 '09 at 17:30</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">did  you tried any final solution? not marked answer...</span>
                
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2016-12-26 11:58:45Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Dec 26 '16 at 11:58</span></span>
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<p>This Gif Animation Creater code from <a href="https://github.com/DataDink/Bumpkit" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/DataDink/Bumpkit</a> can set Delay foreach Frame:</p>

<p>Uses .Net standard Gif Encoding and adds Animation headers.</p>

<p><strong>EDIT</strong>: Made the code similar to a typical file writer.</p>

<pre><code>using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

/// &lt;summary&gt;
/// Creates a GIF using .Net GIF encoding and additional animation headers.
/// &lt;/summary&gt;
public class GifWriter : IDisposable
{
    #region Fields
    const long SourceGlobalColorInfoPosition = 10,
        SourceImageBlockPosition = 789;

    readonly BinaryWriter _writer;
    bool _firstFrame = true;
    readonly object _syncLock = new object();
    #endregion

    /// &lt;summary&gt;
    /// Creates a new instance of GifWriter.
    /// &lt;/summary&gt;
    /// &lt;param name="OutStream"&gt;The &lt;see cref="Stream"/&gt; to output the Gif to.&lt;/param&gt;
    /// &lt;param name="DefaultFrameDelay"&gt;Default Delay between consecutive frames... FrameRate = 1000 / DefaultFrameDelay.&lt;/param&gt;
    /// &lt;param name="Repeat"&gt;No of times the Gif should repeat... -1 not to repeat, 0 to repeat indefinitely.&lt;/param&gt;
    public GifWriter(Stream OutStream, int DefaultFrameDelay = 500, int Repeat = -1)
    {
        if (OutStream == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(OutStream));

        if (DefaultFrameDelay &lt;= 0)
            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(DefaultFrameDelay));

        if (Repeat &lt; -1)
            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(Repeat));

        _writer = new BinaryWriter(OutStream);
        this.DefaultFrameDelay = DefaultFrameDelay;
        this.Repeat = Repeat;
    }

    /// &lt;summary&gt;
    /// Creates a new instance of GifWriter.
    /// &lt;/summary&gt;
    /// &lt;param name="FileName"&gt;The path to the file to output the Gif to.&lt;/param&gt;
    /// &lt;param name="DefaultFrameDelay"&gt;Default Delay between consecutive frames... FrameRate = 1000 / DefaultFrameDelay.&lt;/param&gt;
    /// &lt;param name="Repeat"&gt;No of times the Gif should repeat... -1 not to repeat, 0 to repeat indefinitely.&lt;/param&gt;
    public GifWriter(string FileName, int DefaultFrameDelay = 500, int Repeat = -1)
        : this(new FileStream(FileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.Read), DefaultFrameDelay, Repeat) { }

    #region Properties
    /// &lt;summary&gt;
    /// Gets or Sets the Default Width of a Frame. Used when unspecified.
    /// &lt;/summary&gt;
    public int DefaultWidth { get; set; }

    /// &lt;summary&gt;
    /// Gets or Sets the Default Height of a Frame. Used when unspecified.
    /// &lt;/summary&gt;
    public int DefaultHeight { get; set; }

    /// &lt;summary&gt;
    /// Gets or Sets the Default Delay in Milliseconds.
    /// &lt;/summary&gt;
    public int DefaultFrameDelay { get; set; }

    /// &lt;summary&gt;
    /// The Number of Times the Animation must repeat.
    /// -1 indicates no repeat. 0 indicates repeat indefinitely
    /// &lt;/summary&gt;
    public int Repeat { get; }
    #endregion

    /// &lt;summary&gt;
    /// Adds a frame to this animation.
    /// &lt;/summary&gt;
    /// &lt;param name="Image"&gt;The image to add&lt;/param&gt;
    /// &lt;param name="Delay"&gt;Delay in Milliseconds between this and last frame... 0 = &lt;see cref="DefaultFrameDelay"/&gt;&lt;/param&gt;
    public void WriteFrame(Image Image, int Delay = 0)
    {
        lock (_syncLock)
            using (var gifStream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                Image.Save(gifStream, ImageFormat.Gif);

                // Steal the global color table info
                if (_firstFrame)
                    InitHeader(gifStream, _writer, Image.Width, Image.Height);

                WriteGraphicControlBlock(gifStream, _writer, Delay == 0 ? DefaultFrameDelay : Delay);
                WriteImageBlock(gifStream, _writer, !_firstFrame, 0, 0, Image.Width, Image.Height);
            }

        if (_firstFrame)
            _firstFrame = false;
    }

    #region Write
    void InitHeader(Stream SourceGif, BinaryWriter Writer, int Width, int Height)
    {
        // File Header
        Writer.Write("GIF".ToCharArray()); // File type
        Writer.Write("89a".ToCharArray()); // File Version

        Writer.Write((short)(DefaultWidth == 0 ? Width : DefaultWidth)); // Initial Logical Width
        Writer.Write((short)(DefaultHeight == 0 ? Height : DefaultHeight)); // Initial Logical Height

        SourceGif.Position = SourceGlobalColorInfoPosition;
        Writer.Write((byte)SourceGif.ReadByte()); // Global Color Table Info
        Writer.Write((byte)0); // Background Color Index
        Writer.Write((byte)0); // Pixel aspect ratio
        WriteColorTable(SourceGif, Writer);

        // App Extension Header for Repeating
        if (Repeat == -1)
            return;

        Writer.Write(unchecked((short)0xff21)); // Application Extension Block Identifier
        Writer.Write((byte)0x0b); // Application Block Size
        Writer.Write("NETSCAPE2.0".ToCharArray()); // Application Identifier
        Writer.Write((byte)3); // Application block length
        Writer.Write((byte)1);
        Writer.Write((short)Repeat); // Repeat count for images.
        Writer.Write((byte)0); // terminator
    }

    static void WriteColorTable(Stream SourceGif, BinaryWriter Writer)
    {
        SourceGif.Position = 13; // Locating the image color table
        var colorTable = new byte[768];
        SourceGif.Read(colorTable, 0, colorTable.Length);
        Writer.Write(colorTable, 0, colorTable.Length);
    }

    static void WriteGraphicControlBlock(Stream SourceGif, BinaryWriter Writer, int FrameDelay)
    {
        SourceGif.Position = 781; // Locating the source GCE
        var blockhead = new byte[8];
        SourceGif.Read(blockhead, 0, blockhead.Length); // Reading source GCE

        Writer.Write(unchecked((short)0xf921)); // Identifier
        Writer.Write((byte)0x04); // Block Size
        Writer.Write((byte)(blockhead[3] &amp; 0xf7 | 0x08)); // Setting disposal flag
        Writer.Write((short)(FrameDelay / 10)); // Setting frame delay
        Writer.Write(blockhead[6]); // Transparent color index
        Writer.Write((byte)0); // Terminator
    }

    static void WriteImageBlock(Stream SourceGif, BinaryWriter Writer, bool IncludeColorTable, int X, int Y, int Width, int Height)
    {
        SourceGif.Position = SourceImageBlockPosition; // Locating the image block
        var header = new byte[11];
        SourceGif.Read(header, 0, header.Length);
        Writer.Write(header[0]); // Separator
        Writer.Write((short)X); // Position X
        Writer.Write((short)Y); // Position Y
        Writer.Write((short)Width); // Width
        Writer.Write((short)Height); // Height

        if (IncludeColorTable) // If first frame, use global color table - else use local
        {
            SourceGif.Position = SourceGlobalColorInfoPosition;
            Writer.Write((byte)(SourceGif.ReadByte() &amp; 0x3f | 0x80)); // Enabling local color table
            WriteColorTable(SourceGif, Writer);
        }
        else Writer.Write((byte)(header[9] &amp; 0x07 | 0x07)); // Disabling local color table

        Writer.Write(header[10]); // LZW Min Code Size

        // Read/Write image data
        SourceGif.Position = SourceImageBlockPosition + header.Length;

        var dataLength = SourceGif.ReadByte();
        while (dataLength &gt; 0)
        {
            var imgData = new byte[dataLength];
            SourceGif.Read(imgData, 0, dataLength);

            Writer.Write((byte)dataLength);
            Writer.Write(imgData, 0, dataLength);
            dataLength = SourceGif.ReadByte();
        }

        Writer.Write((byte)0); // Terminator
    }
    #endregion

    /// &lt;summary&gt;
    /// Frees all resources used by this object.
    /// &lt;/summary&gt;
    public void Dispose()
    {
        // Complete File
        _writer.Write((byte)0x3b); // File Trailer

        _writer.BaseStream.Dispose();
        _writer.Dispose();
    }
}
</code></pre>
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<p>There is a built in .NET class which will encode GIF files.
<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.media.imaging.gifbitmapencoder_members%28v=vs.90%29.aspx" rel="noreferrer">GifBitmapEncode MSDN</a>
</p>

<pre><code>System.Windows.Media.Imaging.GifBitmapEncoder gEnc = new GifBitmapEncoder();

foreach (System.Drawing.Bitmap bmpImage in images)
{
    var bmp = bmpImage.GetHbitmap();
    var src = System.Windows.Interop.Imaging.CreateBitmapSourceFromHBitmap(
        bmp,
        IntPtr.Zero,
        Int32Rect.Empty,
        BitmapSizeOptions.FromEmptyOptions());
    gEnc.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(src));
    DeleteObject(bmp); // recommended, handle memory leak
}
using(FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create))
{
    gEnc.Save(fs);
}
</code></pre>
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                <span class="comment-copy">is there a way using this code to have a certain delay between each frame or set a frame rate?</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/2645707/usernamehahahahaha"
                       title="2,059 reputation"
                       class="comment-user">uSeRnAmEhAhAhAhAhA</a>
                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2013-10-14 03:49:35Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Oct 14 '13 at 3:49</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Um. This code fails massively. All it does is place a bunch of images ontop of one another and saves it as a single image.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/2645707/usernamehahahahaha"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2013-10-14 04:32:16Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Oct 14 '13 at 4:32</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Something useful to note in the solution above is that you need to handle the possible memory leak caused by the GDI Bitmap object - this is the <code>bmpImage.GetHbitmap()</code> in the given code. As <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/1dz311e4.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">MSDN notes, this has to be cleared manually</a>. <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/1dz311e4.aspx#Anchor_3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Here</a> is a code example on how to do that to avoid the GDI Bitmap object taking up too much memory.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1401343/vburca"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2016-10-14 22:28:01Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Oct 14 '16 at 22:28</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">interesting, I have added additional code for the memory leak</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/869290/fireydude"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2016-10-17 12:03:43Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Oct 17 '16 at 12:03</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Anyone getting a black rectangle after the gif is created and displayed?</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1851066/inoabrian"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2017-01-27 18:19:56Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Jan 27 '17 at 18:19</span></span>
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<p>You might also consider using the ImageMagick library.</p>

<p>There are two .net wrappers for the library listed at <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/script/api.php">http://www.imagemagick.org/script/api.php</a></p>

<p>Here is an example on how to do it using the <a href="http://magick.codeplex.com/">Magick.net wrapper</a>:</p>

<pre><code>using (MagickImageCollection collection = new MagickImageCollection())
{
  // Add first image and set the animation delay to 100ms
  collection.Add("Snakeware.png");
  collection[0].AnimationDelay = 100;

  // Add second image, set the animation delay to 100ms and flip the image
  collection.Add("Snakeware.png");
  collection[1].AnimationDelay = 100;
  collection[1].Flip();

  // Optionally reduce colors
  QuantizeSettings settings = new QuantizeSettings();
  settings.Colors = 256;
  collection.Quantize(settings);

  // Optionally optimize the images (images should have the same size).
  collection.Optimize();

  // Save gif
  collection.Write("Snakeware.Animated.gif");
}
</code></pre>
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<p>Whether or not calling imagemagick is the best choice is kind of hard to awnser without knowing the quality parameters that are important. Some other options would be:</p>

<ul>
<li><strike><a href="http://bloggingabout.net/blogs/rick/archive/2005/05/10/3830.aspx" rel="noreferrer">Rick van den Bosch's code</a></strike> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130829051106/http://bloggingabout.net/blogs/rick/archive/2005/05/10/3830.aspx" rel="noreferrer">archive.org mirror</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/GDI-plus/NGif.aspx" rel="noreferrer">NGif</a> article on codeplex</li>
</ul>

<p>these have the advantage that you don't have a dependency on a third partly library which might or might not be available on all systems executing your code.</p>

<p>This <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/319061" rel="noreferrer">article</a> at MS Support explains how to save a gif with a custom color table (this does require full trust). A animated gif is just a set of gifs for each image with some additional information in the header. So combining these two articles should get you what you need. </p>
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<p>To use the sample from a Windows Forms app, add references to these assemblies:</p>

<p>C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework.NETFramework\v4.0\PresentationCore.dll
 C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework.NETFramework\v4.0\System.Xaml.dll
 C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework.NETFramework\v4.0\WindowsBase.dll</p>

<p>Then</p>

<ul>
<li><p>Int32Rect is in the System.Windows namespace</p></li>
<li><p>BitmapSizeOptions is in the System.Windows.Media.Imaging namespace</p></li>
<li><p>BitmapFrame is in the System.Windows.Media.Imaging namespace</p></li>
</ul>

<p>Also, don't forget to close the file stream (something like this):</p>

<pre><code>using(FileStream targetFile = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create))
{
   gEnc.Save(targetFile);
}
</code></pre>
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<p>I noticed that one more great alternative to ImageMagic and NGif is not listed in answers yet. </p>

<p><a href="https://www.ffmpeg.org/" rel="nofollow">FFMpeg</a> can be used for creating animated GIFs from:</p>

<ul>
<li>sequence of images (files)</li>
<li>existing video clip (say, mp4 or avi)</li>
<li>from C# bitmap objects by providing input data as "ravvideo" through stdin (without using any temp files)</li>
</ul>

<p>You can start ffmpeg.exe directly from C# code (with System.Diagnostics.Process) or use one of the existing .NET ffmpeg wrappers:</p>

<pre><code>var ffmpeg = new NReco.VideoConverter.FFMpegConverter();
ffmpeg.ConvertMedia("your_clip.mp4", null, "result.gif", null, new ConvertSettings() );
</code></pre>

<p>(this code example uses free <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/NReco.VideoConverter/" rel="nofollow">NReco VideoConverter</a> - I'm an author of this component, feel free to ask any questions about its usage).</p>

<p>GIF size can be easily reduced by decreasing frame rate and/or frame size.
Also it is possible to get fine-looking animated GIFs with 2-pass approach that generates optimal GIF palette.</p>
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        answered <span title="2015-11-27 08:59:11Z" class="relativetime">Nov 27 '15 at 8:59</span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Hey, I was looking for a code to convert multiple Images to an MP4 (h.264) format with NReco. I couldn&#39;t find any working example out there. Would you please help me through this? Thanks!</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/3534351/moji"
                       title="229 reputation"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2016-01-20 06:56:17Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Jan 20 '16 at 6:56</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">hi do you know how i can merge image with a video. Merging videos is working fine. But when i try to merge and image in between two videos it is not working with nreco.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/2922740/kanishka"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2016-07-28 10:06:54Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Jul 28 '16 at 10:06</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@Kanishka if you know how to do that from the command line with ffmpeg.exe, the same is possible to do with VideoConverter wrapper too.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/2756471/vitaliy-fedorchenko"
                       title="5,802 reputation"
                       class="comment-user">Vitaliy Fedorchenko</a>
                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2016-07-28 11:02:37Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Jul 28 '16 at 11:02</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@VitaliyFedorchenko  any idea about this question i have posted  <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/38613330/nreco-vedio-cut">stackoverflow.com/questions/38613330/nreco-vedio-cut</a></span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/2922740/kanishka"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2016-07-28 11:25:57Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Jul 28 '16 at 11:25</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">more full real world samples using <b><i>FFMpeg</i></b> ?</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/4051367/preguntoncojonerocabr%c3%b3n"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2018-02-28 22:42:24Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Feb 28 '18 at 22:42</span></span>
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<p>The <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/AnimatedGif/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">AnimatedGif</a> package can make animated gifs.</p>

<pre><code>using (var gif = AnimatedGif.AnimatedGif.Create(Path.Combine(outputPath, "output.gif"), 20))
{
    for (var i = 0; i &lt; 10; i++)
    {
        img = Image.FromFile(Path.Combine(outputPath, $"{i.ToString().PadLeft(3, '0')}.png"));
        gif.AddFrame(img, delay: -1, quality: GifQuality.Bit8);
    }
}
</code></pre>
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